@article{oai:osu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001547,
 author = {鈴木, 章能 and スズキ, アキヨシ and SUZUKI, Akiyoshi},
 journal = {大阪産業大学論集. 人文科学編},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {P(論文), There are currently university freshmen in Japan that have difficulty with the English verb "to be" and are even unable to write the entire alphabet. Many university English teachers therefore focus their classes on helping students acquire the knowledge necessary for reading English using a bottom-up process: the alphabet, vocabulary, and grammar, for example. However, students fail to acquire this knowledge even after many such classes. For university students who are not good at English, this kind of class tends to decrease their motivation to study English. In order to break this vicious cycle, an effective method might be one which reverses the sequence of the process ordinarily used in English teaching, as outlined below: 1. First, repeatedly have the students read English sentences using a "Mental Model," namely, using only inference and their knowledge of the world to represent the meaning of each sentence by drawing a picture. 2. Second, use sentences for which students cannot complete each picture without adequate knowledge of English grammar. This helps students realize the necessity and usefulness of English grammar. 3. Third, without using grammatical terminology, explain how to use aspects of grammar, such as participles, participial constructions, and infinitives, in order to find the subject, object, and predicate verb in an English sentence. 4. Finally, increase students' knowledge of English grammar through explanation and exercises. Using the process described above for six days, the author taught English to 165 Japanese students who are not good at English, and observed visible results in over 70% of them.},
 pages = {13--39},
 title = {メンタル・モデルから始める英語教育 : 英語を不得意とする日本の英語学習者に対して},
 volume = {117},
 year = {2005}
}