@article{oai:osu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000109,
 author = {宮下, 國生 and ミヤシタ, クニオ and MIYASHITA, Kunio},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {大阪産業大学経営論集},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {P(論文), This article focuses on the international advanced logistics perspective in the global economy. The early 1980s could be referred to as the turning point for the world shipping industry. Since then world physical distribution has suffered from the effect of deregulation, IT revolution and globalization on the transactions of multinational enterprises. If applying the Vernon-Casson's product lifecycle theory to the division of multinational industries, we can discriminate the four different zones of international physical distribution, of which the innovative and the mature industries are related to the air cargo and the standardized differential and the simple standardized ones to container cargo. The flying geese theory in Asia and especially Chinese challenge to this theory have explained the structural change in the international physical distribution, which can have promoted the buffer function of Asian trade and the advantage of air logistics since 1995. Tracing the development stages in the logistics industry and differentiating the domain of shipping, we are aware of being at present either in the stage of 3PL providers with vessel (integrator) or without one (3PL forwarder). Such trend toward 3PL provider will request the shipping industry to combine hardware and software in both of shipping and air transport as the 3PL mega carrier (combined 3PL), because it will be able to guarantee both of the shipper oriented long term profit stability and the short term low risk sensitivity to business cycle.},
 pages = {53--63},
 title = {International Advanced Logistics Perspective in the Global Economy},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2006}
}